盐及其对心脏的其他不良影响
直接影响左心室重量
盐摄入量与心脏增大存在直接的独立相关性(图1),并且减少盐摄入量可减轻左心室肥大(1)。左心室肥大是心血管疾病的一个主要危险因素。
Figure 1. Relationship between salt intake and left ventricular mass in individuals with systolic blood pressure >121 mmHg. (Adapted from Ref 1).
对中风的直接影响
动物实验与人类流行病学研究表明,高盐对中风存在直接影响,这种影响独立于盐对血压的影响之外(2)。对比不同人群发现,盐摄入量与中风发病率或中风死亡率密切相关(图2)。
Figure 2. Relationship between salt intake as judged by 24h urinary salt excretion and stroke mortality in Western Europe. (Adapted from Ref 2).
参考文献:
(1) Schmieder R E, Messerli F H, Garavaglia G E, Nunez B D. Dietary salt intake. A
determinant of cardiac involvement in essential hypertension. Circulation.
1988;78:951-6.
(2) Perry I J, Beevers D G. Salt intake and stroke: a possible direct effect. J Hum
Hypertens. 1992;6:23-5.